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1. Introduction
1.1. What is Python?
- Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language developed by Guido van Rossum.
- Known for its simple and readable syntax, extensive library support, and active community.
- Open source and used across various domains.
1.2. Applications of Python
- Web Development: Django, Flask
- Data Science: Pandas, NumPy
- Machine Learning: TensorFlow, scikit-learn
- Scientific Computing: SciPy
- Game Development: Pygame
- Automation and Scripting
2. Installing and Setting Up Python
2.1. Downloading and Installing Python
- How to download and install Python from the official Python website.
- Specific installation steps for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
2.2. Python IDEs and Editors
- IDLE: Python’s default IDE.
- PyCharm: A professional and powerful IDE.
- Visual Studio Code: A lightweight and versatile editor.
- Jupyter Notebook: Ideal for data science and interactive computing.
3. Python Basics
3.1. Python Syntax and Basic Structures
- Variables and Data Types:
int, float, str, list, tuple, dict, set - Operators: Arithmetic, comparison, logical operators.
- Comments: Ways to document your code.
3.2. Control Flow
- Conditional Statements:
if, elif, else - Loops:
for and while - Loop Control:
break, continue, pass
3.3. Functions
- Defining and Calling Functions: Basic concepts.
- Parameters and Return Values
- Lambda Functions: Short and concise functions.
- Default and Keyword Arguments
4. Data Structures
4.1. Lists
- Creation, access, addition, removal.
- List operations:
append(), remove(), pop(), sort()
4.2. Tuples
- Creation and access.
- Immutable structures.
4.3. Sets
- Basic operations: Union, intersection, difference.
4.4. Dictionaries
- Working with key-value pairs.
- Creation, access, addition, removal.
5. File Handling
5.1. Opening and Closing Files
5.2. Reading and Writing Files
- Text and binary files.
read(), write(), readlines()
6. Error Handling
6.1. Errors and Exceptions
- Try-Except Blocks: Basic error handling concepts.
- Finally and Else Blocks
- Exception Handling and Raising
7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
7.1. Classes and Objects
- Defining Classes and Creating Objects.
- Attributes and Methods
7.2. Inheritance
- Subclassing and Superclasses: Using
super().
7.3. Polymorphism and Encapsulation
- Examples of polymorphism.
- Encapsulation and private attributes.
8. Modules and Packages
8.1. Using Modules
- Importing Modules:
import and from ... import.
8.2. Creating Your Own Modules
- Creating and using a simple module.
8.3. Packages and __init__.py
- Package structure and usage.
9. Advanced Topics
9.1. Decorators
- Basic Usage and Examples: How to modify functions.
9.2. Generators
- Using
yield and Generator Functions: Producing data incrementally.
9.3. Context Managers
with Statement and Resource Management: Efficient handling of resources.
10. Projects with Python
10.1. Simple Project Examples
- Todo List Application: Basic CRUD operations.
- Calculator: Simple arithmetic functions.
10.2. Data Science and Web Development Projects
- Data Analysis and Visualization: Examples with Pandas and Matplotlib.
- Web Applications: Building a basic web app with Django or Flask.
11. Resources and Further Reading
11.1. Python Documentation and Guides
11.2. Community and Forums
- Stack Overflow: Questions and answers.
- Reddit’s Python Community: Discussions and resource sharing.